南京城区学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍流行现状与家庭环境相关性研究

The study of the prevalence and their relationship with family environment in preschool children with developmental coordination disorder in Nanjing city

目的了解南京城区学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍(developmental coordination disorder,DCD)状况及其与家庭环境的相关关系。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取南京城区6所幼儿园的4~6岁儿童750例,由儿童的父母填写儿童发育性运动协调障碍问卷和家庭环境量表,并采用偏相关分析学龄前儿童DCD与家庭环境的关系。结果(1)南京市城区学龄前儿童DCD的阳性检出率为24.7%,其中男生26.5%,女生22.9%,性别间差异无统计学童义(x^2=0.790,P=0.423);4岁、5岁、6岁组儿童DCD的阳性检出率分别为36.0%、24.2%、16.4%,不同年龄组间差异具有统计学意义(x^2=20.584,P=0.000)。(2)不同性别间DCD儿童在精细书写和协调能力方面差异有统计学意义(t=3.419、2.045,P均<0.05);不同年龄组间DCD儿童在运动平衡控制和精细书写方面差异有统计学意义(t=6.626、8.704,P均<0.01)。(3)DCD与非DCD组在独立性和道德观两个维度上差异存在统计学意义(t=0.888、2.122,P均<0.05);儿童DCD与家庭环境的独立性和道德观具有相关关系(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童DCD检出率较高,早期诊断和干预尤为重要,在DCD儿童的早期干预中,应考虑家庭环境对DCD儿童的影响。

Objective To investigate the distribution of preschool children with developmental coordination dis-order (DCD), and its relationship with family environment in Nanjing city. Methods A cross-sectional survey with stratify cluster random sampling was conducted. 750 children aged 4 to 6 years from 6 kindergartens of Nanjing city were selected and their parents were asked to complete the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire and the family environment questionnaire. Partial correlation were used to analyze the relationship between DCD in preschool children and their family environment. Results (1) The prevalence of DCD in preschool children was 24.7%: 26.5% in boys and 22.9%in girls. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of DCD among children of different gender (χ2=0.790, P = 0.423). The prevalence of children with DCD in different age groups among 4, 5, 6 were 36.0%, 24.2%, 16.4%, respectively, and no statistical significance was found among children of different ages (χ2 = 20.584, P =0.000). (2) The difference of fineness handwriting and coordination ability among children with DCD was significant in different gender (t=3.419、 2.045, P<0.05) . There were significant differences between equilibrium control and fineness handwriting in children among DCD of different age group (t = 6.626、 8.704, P < 0.01). (3) There were significant differences upon independence and morality concept between DCD group and normal group ( t = 0.888、 2.122, P <0.05) . There were significantly associations between children with DCD and the independence and morality concept of family environment scales. Conclusion The prevalence of DCD is higher in the preschool children population. The nonage diagnosis and nonage intervention of children with DCD is very important, and family environmental factors should be emphasized for children with DCD in nonage intervention.