住院孕产妇营养宣教的效果评估

Evaluation in the effects of education on nutrition for hospitalized pregnant women

目的评价营养宣教对住院孕产妇营养知识、态度、行为的影响。方法 对250例病例进行营养宣教,对宣教前后的知识、态度、实践(KAP)调查结果进行配对样本的MeNemar检验,评价住院孕产妇营养知识、态度的差异。结果宣教前后,孕妇对过量食盐会增加高血压危险,蔬菜水果含较多维生素C等公共营养知识有显著提高,在三餐的饮食习惯方面也有显著改善;另外,对产后可能引起回奶的食物,补钙食物,补铁食物,菜肴中的盐分含量,喝汤适宜时间,蔬菜适宜摄入量,哺乳期牛奶适宜摄入量,剖宫产肠道末排气前进食食物,产后体质虚弱适宜食物,维生素C有助铁吸收,产后鸡蛋适宜摄入量等孕产期正确营养知识的认知度在培圳前后也有显著提高。结论营养宣教对于提高孕产妇营养知识,改善营养态度,预防营养不良的发生有重要意义。

Objective To evaluate the effects of nutrition education on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hospitalized pregnant women. Methods A total of 250 hospitalized pregnant women participated in this study. McNemar paired test was used to examine the differences in KAP before and after the nutrition education. Results Contrasting between before and after the nutritional education, there were significant improvements in pregnant women’s dietary habits and public nutrition knowledge such as excessive salt intake increases the risk of hypertension; fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C, etc. In addition, after the education, there were also remarkable advances in their knowledge of proper maternal nutrition such as foods that may cause ablactation , foods that are high in calcium and iron, salt content of different dishes, optimal time for soup, adequate intake of vegetable, milk (lactation period) and eggs ( postpartum) , foods for Caesarean section gravidas before intestinal exhaust, foods for postpartum physical weakness, and enhancing ability of vitamin C on iron absorption. Conclusion Nutrition education has important implications for pregnant women in enriching nutritional knowledge, improving dietary habit and preventing malnutrition.