摘要
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is emerging as a new clinical problem within pediatric practice.Recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents around the world in all ethnicities,even if the prevalence of obesity is not increasing any more.The majority of young people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus was found in specific ethnic subgroups such as African-American,Hispanic,Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indians.Clinicians should be aware of the frequent mild or asymptomatic manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood.Therefore,a screening seems meaningful especially in high risk groups such as children and adolescents with obesity,relatives with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and clinical features of insulin resistance(hypertension,dyslipidemia,polycystic ovarian syndrome,or acanthosis nigricans).Treatment of choice is lifestyle intervention followed by pharmacological treatment(e.g.,metformin).New drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors or glucagon like peptide 1 mimetics are in the pipeline for treatment of youth with type2 diabetes mellitus.However,recent reports indicate a high dropout of the medical care system of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggesting that management of children and adolescents with type2 diabetes mellitus requires some remodeling of current healthcare practices.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is emerging as a new clinical problem within pediatric practice.Recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents around the world in all ethnicities,even if the prevalence of obesity is not increasing any more.The majority of young people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus was found in specific ethnic subgroups such as African-American,Hispanic,Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indians.Clinicians should be aware of the frequent mild or asymptomatic manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood.Therefore,a screening seems meaningful especially in high risk groups such as children and adolescents with obesity,relatives with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and clinical features of insulin resistance(hypertension,dyslipidemia,polycystic ovarian syndrome,or acanthosis nigricans).Treatment of choice is lifestyle intervention followed by pharmacological treatment(e.g.,metformin).New drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors or glucagon like peptide 1 mimetics are in the pipeline for treatment of youth with type2 diabetes mellitus.However,recent reports indicate a high dropout of the medical care system of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggesting that management of children and adolescents with type2 diabetes mellitus requires some remodeling of current healthcare practices.
