行动学说与层次论

Action Theory and Hierarchical Concepts

行动学说强调人类行为的目的性,认为计划指导着行为,从而实现目标。因此,要揭示藐似序列的行为的规律性,有必要深入其背后,研究它的心理调节过程。心理调节是一个目标的层次系统,它既决定了外显的行为的组织,也决定了行为的结果。行动学说也强调行动过程对心理调节的反作用,在行动的过程中,一方面实现着预定的目标,同时也通过反馈,进一步澄清和完善目标系统的构思。因此,从更广泛的意义上讲,它又是一个异阶层次系统。在这个系统中,目标的形成过程,实现目标的行动过程,以及目标对行动的调节过程有机地统一了。本文总结了这个学说的一些具体的理论和研究,指出了它对决策研究的指导意义。

Action is purposive, and cognitive plan guides behavior to the achieve- ment of goal. In order to reveal the apparent regularity in behavior sequence, it is necessary to study the underlying mental moderation processes. Moderation process consists of a hierarchy of objectives, so it determines the organization of the behavior as well as its consequences. Action theory, on the other hand, also emphasizes the role of activity in mental modre- ation, so in realization of the objectives, feedbacks will clarify and improve the construct of the system of objectives. Therefore in a more general sense, it is a heterarchy system, integrating the formation of objectives, its realization through activity, and mental moderation into an organic whole. This article reviews some of the specific doctrines and studies of action theory and points out its significance in decision making studies.