论先秦时期的人地观

ON THE VIEWS OF THE MAN-EARTH RELATIONSHIP IN THE PRE-QIN PERIOD

人地关系是指人类同自然环境(或地理环境)的关系。自然界是人类生存和活动的场所,自从人类在地球上出现以后,人和自然就存在着辩证关系。人类在大自然中为了生活和生存下去,需要不断地利用和改造自然,因此,如何正确认识人地之间的关系,把握人地关系的规律,从来就是人们非常关心和不断探讨的问题。现在许多学科的研究都涉及它,尤其是人文地理学更以它作为研究的核心;历史上也有很多哲学家。

The man-earth relationship refers to man's relation to natural (or geographical) environment. How did the people of the pre-Qin period understand the man-nature relationship and approach nature? The author of this paper discusses three aspects as follows. Firstly, geographical environment-in explaining man's relation to nature, historical records such as Book of Master Guan (《管子》), Rites of the Zhou Dynasty (《周礼》) and A Comprehensive Record of Rites (《大载礼》) clearly express the view that man's physique, appearance, virtue and character are determined by natural conditions. Secondly, man is bound to win in his struggle against nature-this is typically represented by Xun Zi, whose On Heaven (《天问》) describes man's relation to nature, holding that mankind should actively fight against nature rather than wait for its favour. Thirdly, the idea of harmonizing-in order to harmonize man's relationship with nature the ancient Chinese people paid attention to the preservation of natural environment, biological resources in particular. For instance, accounts of the preservation of mountain woods, rivers and lakes, biological resources and their related laws, regulations and bans can easily be found in Zuoqiu Ming's Chronicles, (《左传》)) Discource on the States (《国语》), Book of Master Guan, Book of Rites (《礼记》) and Master Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals(《吕氏春秋》).