语义的自动加工和选择性注意对Stroop效应的影响

AUTOMATIC SEMANTIC PROCESSING AND INFLUENCE OF SELECTIVE ATTENTION UPON THE STROOP PHENOMENON

本实验用正常人和聋哑人作被试进行比较,试图探讨语义的自动加工和选择性注意对Stroop效应的影响。将“红”“绿”“黄”“蓝”四个汉字中的每一个都用这四种颜色中的三种写成,然后按着事先排列好的顺序,分组呈现,并且在两种条件下分别要求被试延迟不同的时间进行反应,一种是刺激呈现前就告诉被试对“字”或“色”反应;另一种是刺激呈现后间隔不同的时间再向被试提出对“字”或“色”反应。实验结果发现,聋哑人和正常人在色—字干扰任务作业上没有明显的差异,说明语义的自动加工是一个普遍现象;而选择性注意能在很大的程度上改善被试的作业成绩,但颜色命名仍比字词反应困难;Stroop效应在延迟反应条件下发生变化,这种变化说明Stroop效应与记忆过程有联系。

Both normal and deaf-mute subjects were recruited to participate inthe experiment in order to explore the generality of the Stroop pheno-menon. Four Chinese characters: 'red', 'yellow ', 'green' and 'blue', eachwritten in the three colors other than the color delloted by the worditself, were exposed to the subjects who were asked to respond byidentifying the character or the color according to the instructions. Inone situation, the instruction was given before the stimulus wasdisplayed. In other situations, the instruction was given after exposureof the stimulus, allowing different lengths of time in between. The results show: 1. There is no significant difference in the perfor-mance of the color-word interference task between the normal subjectsand the deaf-mute subjects, which reveals the generality of the auto-matic semantic processing. 2. The subjects' performance can beimproved by selective attention, but the color-naming task is harderthan the word-reading task. 3. The Stroop effect varies with the lengthof delay in giving the instruction, which suggests that the Stroop effectmay be connected with the memory process.