从汉字识别看视觉信息检测的整体优先性

THE GLOBAL PRECEDENCE IN VISUAL INFORMATION EXTRACTION

本实验以汉字组成的复合汉字为材料研究了不同视角下辨别整体结构和辨别局部特性的反应时差异。实验发现,在正常情况下对整体的辨别反应时要显著低于对局部进行辨别的反应时,并且对象的不同大小对这种差异没有显著影响。这一结果表明整体和局部的“相对大小”不是造成反应时差异的主要原因,提示视觉信息检测是一个从大范围的整体到局部的过程,即存在整体优先性。实验还发现在作为局部的汉字和构成整体的复合字相同时,无论注意对象是局部还是整体,反应时均较不同时为小,这一结果表明整体和局部的作用是双向的。

This experiment is performed to investigate the RT difference inrecognition between the global-directed attention and local-directedattention, with compound Chinese characters made up of many smallerones as material. Visual angle of the stimulus is varied systematically tosee if the relative size of global pattern and local elements contributeto the occurrence of the RT difference between the two attentionconditions. The results show that in normal situation, the response toglobal pattern is significantly faster than that to local elements, and theinfluence of different visual angles on the RT difference is notsignificant. This suggests that the process of visual informationextraction begins with the global processing. In other words, globalprecedence exists, and it is the global precedence, not the relative size,which causes the significant RT difference between the global-directedattention and local-directed Attention.