价值取向和科学活动:1950-1979年的中国

Value Orientations and Scientific Activities in China from 1950 to 1979

社会学把科学当做一种社会的建制(institution)或系统,除了研究这个系统的组织结构及其行为外,还要考察它同其余社会系统的关系。因此,本文从把握社会价值观念系统中的官方价值取向入手,试图探讨它同科学活动之间的相关性。

This article aims at analysing the correlation between value orientations and scientific activities in China from 1950 to 1979.First,it tries to establish facts concerning the tendency of the government's value orientation based on the materials from three sources:government speech(using the method of the content analyses of the People's Daily),government policies and the dominant value concept in the society.it covers the climax period during the second half of 1950's and the beginning of 1960's,the weak rise in early 1970's,and the continued rise from 1977 on.Secondly,the tendency of scientific activities is discussed based on the statistic materials from scientific papers and the press.A close correlation is found between this change and the tendency of government's value orientation.Thirdly,the author tries to explain this correlation.Finally,three questions are discussed.One is the reason about the sharp upsurges and declines of scientific activities in the past thirty years.The second question is why th e Anti-Rightists Movement,which took place in 1957,didn't harm scientific activities.The third one is the conclusion that the articles in the People's Daily distorted the essence of Marxism during the past thirty years owing to the continual change in the relationship between Marxism and Science.