抽样方法在科技统计中的应用

Application of Sampling Method in the Statistical Work in Science and Technology

一、引言1985年底,国家科委组织了我国建国以来第一次全国科技普查。与此同时还对我国民口县级以上政府属科学研究与技术开发机构(R&D机构)1984年的状态特性数据进行了抽样调查。将85年的普查数据与通过抽样方法获得的84年数据相结合,就可以比较清楚地反映出“六五”末期我国科技体制改革的动态情况,为今后的宏观决策提供科学依据。此外研究抽样方法在科技统计、科研管理中的应用,为今后科技统计抽样制度化积累经验,也是这次抽样调查所希望达到的目的。为了较好地完成这次抽样调查的任务。

In this article,the author puts forward a statistical method on the basis of sampling theory and system analysis,i.e.the stratified proportional sampling method for stratified random posteriori systems,which is derived in the light of actual conditions and the characteristics of scientific and technological activities.By using this method in the first general survey of scientific and technological work conducted nation-wide in 1985,a satisfied result has been obtained.In the process of stratifying and analysing posteriori systems,a calculation is conducted by dividing the following into twenty strata,i.e.dividing the research and development (R&D) institutions according to their numbers of personnel,dividing the national economy into different trades and dividing the local areas and departments according to their subordinations.Using these three kinds of scales as basic coordinates,the article gives an analysis of the distribution and relevant laws of various statistical indicators of science and technology. The author puts forth the concept of 'critical size' for R&D institutions after a comprehensive investigation of the funds investigated,the structures of personnel,sizes of the institutions and the results achieved.So the article is helpful in the classified management of R&D institutions as well as in the nation-wide reform of science and technology system.