政府保密政策对高校科学研究的影响

GOVERNMENT SECRECY: ITS EFFECT ON SCIENCE RESEARCH IN U. S. UNIVERSITIES

里根政府对包括科技信息在内的信息交流实行了新的限制。美国政府认为这些新的限制对国家的安全非常重要。政府对扩大科学的保密范围所施加的压力越来越大,引起了一场公开的激烈争论。科学界的许多人士认为,对科学交流实行更严格的控制将会有损于美国科学技术的质量。本文要讨论的是争论的双方对在高校进行的科学研究加以保密的看法,介绍高校科学家与政府官员协商以达成妥协的过程,分析这场争论对在美国学习或工作的中国学生和学者的影响。

In order to prevent the Soviet Union from using U. S.technology for military purposes,the Reagan Administration has introduced new regulations to restrict the export of scientific and technical information.American scientists have objected, arguing that secrecy is harmful to scientific research.University scientists,in particular,have resisted government demands to censor scientific papers before publication and to limit the employment of foreign nationals on unclassified research projects,arguing that such restrictions interfere with the teaching mission of the university.Although political action by members of the university community has succeeded in protecting open communication within university research,new security measures have been imposed on industrial researchers,restricting the communication of research findings.Government demands for secrecy in the interest of national security have been opposed by scientists'demands for openness to promote progress in scientific research.The conflict,a debate ab out means rather than ends,has resulted in compromise.