崇明岛的变迁

THE EVOLUTION OF CHONG-MING ISLAND

本文讨论了崇明岛何时设镇、崇明县址的迁移及崇明岛的变迁等三个问题,澄清了历代县志记载混乱而产生的一些问题。

This Article discusses the following problems.1. When was the Chong-ming Town established? The former books of the general records of the Chong-ming county were all confused. The county records after Yong-Zheng (雍正) Dynasty assumed that the Chong-ming Town was established in 705 A.D. .According to the ancient books of historical geography 'Yude-jisen, 兴地纪胜' (Record of the Territory) and 'Dushi-fangyu-jiyao,读史方兴纪要 (The Summary of Historical Territory), this town was established in the 10th century, in the period of Wn Kingdom of the Five Dynasties (五代时吴国).2. On the problem of five migrations, the county records after the Yo-ng-zheng Dynasty were also confused. These records all considered that the place of county government had been migrated from the west to the east. The atlas of the 'Records of the Zheng-de Dynasty 正德崇明县志 'denoted that the Island of Yao-liu Sha (姚刘沙岛) was situated at the east part of the Zhong-ming Island, and the place of the county government had been migrated first to the north, then to the west, finally from west to east. The gov-erment was named Chong-ming Zhow (崇明州) in 1277; and established at Yao-liu Sha Island, but later changed to Chong-ming County in 1369. The first migration was 7.5 km. norh ward in 1352. The second migration was north ward to a small town named Qin-jia-fu (秦家符) in 1420. The third migration was to the San-sha Island (三沙岛) , 25 km. northwest of Yao-liu sha, in 1529. The fourth migration was to ping-yang Sha Island (平洋沙岛) , 15 km. southwest of San-sha Island, in 1550. The fifth migration was to the chang-sha Island (长沙岛) , southeast of San-sha Island, present Chong-ming county government since in 1583.3. The evolution of the Island may be divided into three periods : ( 1 )The formation period of the Island, from 7-11 century. (2) The period of increasing and great changing of the numeral Islands, from 12-16 century, and ( 3 ) The period of stablity and enlargement of the Island, from 17-20 Century. By the dyke building of the Island, the Island began to be stable, and enlarged toward the northern coast at present. The northern passage of the Yang-tze River is becoming narrower gradually.