长白山区地下水资源评价与合理利用

GROUNDWATER RESOURCE AND ITS RATIONAL UTILIZATION IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAINOUS DISTRICT

美丽富饶的长白山是一座巨大的自然资源宝库,是自然环境和生态系统都比较完整的自然综合体,1980年加入了国际生物圈保护网,被列为世界自然保留地,但至今长白山区还是一个半开发区,合理开发利用长白山区地下水资源,对长白山区经济建设和自然资源保护,将产生重要作用和影响。

This paper includes four parts: (1) The original characteristics of groundwater; (2) The distributive situation of groundwater; (3) The appraise and forecast on the resource of groundwater; (4) The rational utilization on the ground water.The main characteristics of groundwater in the Changbai Mountain ous district are as follows: (1) widely and concentrately distributing fumarole-fissure water in hasah and fissure water in granite and metamorphic rock; (2) scatteringly distributing the cavern-fissure water and void water in the friable, fragrnental rock and carbonatite. The neotectonism which formed the changes of gradient of natural landscape controled condition of recharge, runoff and drainge. The storage and enrichment of the groundwater in whole area, are controled by the topography, geomorphology, rock texture and geological structure.It have calculated that natural resource of ground water in whole Changzhi mountain area are 42.63 hundred million m3/yr in a lower precipitation year and 45.14 hundred million m'/yr in an ordinary precipitation year and 49.25 hundred million m'/yr in a higher precipitation year. It can be fully ensure for 32.32 hundred million m'/yr of total demand in whole area at 1990, and the 44.61 hundred million m3/yr of total demand at 2000 is a few large than 42.38 hundred million ma/yr in lowest precipitation year, but may be enssure with 45.14 hunderd million m'/yr at an ordinary precipitation year. Some valuable storage structures of groundwater applicable in quality and quantity for utilization in economic construction in Chongbai mountainous area have occurred, such as those groundwater in basalt plateau, Karst syncline, intermountainous basin, intermonouus river valley and in the faults in original rock as well as the rich water zones of thermal water and minearal water etc.Author have raised some ways for solving the problems in utilization of groundwater. These problems are deficincy of water supple in towns and villages, the prevention of pollution of groundwater, the utilization for thermal water and mineral water, development of landscape resource for tourist as well as the prevention of endemic disease etc.