学前儿童分类能力的初步实验研究

A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT ON PRESCHOOLER S ABILITY OF CLASSI FICATION

本研究结果表明:通过突出类的共同知觉属性以及指导语上对总类的强调、计数活动等能促进学前儿童解决类包含任务;如简化任务要求,仅提供熟悉的有限刺激物让儿童分类,即使3,4岁儿童也能按一定的类别标准分类,从而表现出初步的分类能力。

A modified Piagetian's class inclusion task and a simplifiedclassification task were presented to prechoolers. The results indicated: 1. The ability of solving class inclusion problem was facilitatedby three factors(1)endowing general class with the common attributionsof perception, (2)highlighting the common attributions in instruction,(3) comparing sub-class with general-class by counting performance. 2. Several stages were involved in solving the class inclusionproblem: First, children around the age of 4 could only compare theindividual attributions of a subclass with those of another one. Theydid not know that generality exists in individuality. Secondly, childrenbetween 5-6 could compare sub-class with general class bearing theattributions of perception, and the whole through the senses perceived.Finally children around the age of 7 and above could solve classinclusion problem in the abstract and recognize the logical relationshipbetween the part and the whole. 3. The hierarchical structure of class was shown in the 3 to4-year-olds when familiar stimuli were manipulated in a simplified task ofclassification.