肌电和皮温生物反馈及其和自我训练结合控制考试焦虑有效性的比较研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EMG AND THE THERMAL BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING THE COMBINATION OF BIOFEEDBACK AND AUTOGENIC TRAINING IN REDUCING TEST ANXIETY

本文比较了肌电和皮温生物反馈以及反馈与自我训练结合等方法对改善考试焦虑的有效性。采用状态—特质焦虑问卷的状态焦虑分选择48名高考应届考生为实验受试。将这些受试随机分成6组,每组8人,分别为:1.肌电反馈加自我训练;2.单肌电反馈;3.皮温反馈加自我训练;4.单皮温反馈;5.假反馈和 6.延迟训练等组。训练前后分别测试了各位受试在故意制造的紧张气氛中完成测验作业时的肌电和皮温变化以及状态焦虑的水平。比较结果表明:1.生物反馈改善考试焦虑是有效的,皮温和肌电反馈有效性相当;2.生物反馈和自我训练结合效果似乎更佳;3.假反馈训练的效果虽然比不训练略好,但两者无明显的区别;4.初始状态焦虑程度越高,经训练,焦虑水平下降幅度也越大。

This paper compared the efficiency of EMG and thermal biofeedbackand that of the combinations of biofeedback and autogenic training inreducing test anxiety. 48 high-school students who were going to joinuniversity entrance exams were selected according to their state-anxietyscores of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). All Ss were assignedrandomly into 6 groups with 8 students in each group: Group 1. EMGfeedback plus sutogenic training; Group 2. EMG feedback only; Group3. thermal feedback plus autogenic training; Group 4. thermal feedbackonly; Group 5. false feedback, Group 6. training-delayed. 40 Ss in thefirst 5 groups received 4 separate 30-minute training sessions everyday.The changes of EMGs and tempertures and the state-anxiety scores ofSTAA in stressful situations before and after training were recordedand compared. The results showed that biofeedback training, both EMGand thermal. were effective in reducing anxiety,that the combinationsof biofeedback and autogenic training seemed to be more effective, thatfalse feedback training was no more effective than no training and thatthe most anxious Ss benefited most from the training in so far as thestate-anxiety scores were concerned.