《伤寒杂病论》成书后一千年的命运

The Vicissitudes of Treatise on Fevers and Miscellaneous Diseases in the One Thousand Years after Its Completion

一部科学史,不但是科学发现的历史,而且又是科学知识社会化的历史。我们不应单纯地把科学史看作一部“科学发现史”。科学,从本质上来看是社会性的。科学活动的本质是社会性的,科学知识的本质也是社会性的。但是,从形式上来看,科学研究活动只能以个别的形式(在很长一段历史中是以个体的形式,在现代是以“小团体”的形式)进行;任何科学发现在其首次“问世”的时候,也必然是“个人”(或“小团体)所掌握的知识。要使个人的科学发现、个人所掌握的科学知识变成被社会所掌握的科学知识,也就是说使科学知识在形式上也成为社会性的。

With specific reference to the vicissitudes of On Febrile Diseases, the paper illustrates that the history of science is not only a history of scientific discoveries but also that of the socialization of scientific knowledge. Most important and influential in traditional Chinese medicine as it is, the book took about one thousand years to finish its transition from personal knowledge to that of society. The paper analyses the causes that hindered the book from enjoying popularity until the Northern Song Dynasty, points out the four incidents that played a crucial role in the 'movement toward society' of the book, and makes a concrete investigation and estimation of the great contributions made by Wang Shuhe of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sun Simiao of the Tang Dynasty, Lin Yi and Pang Anchang of the Northern Song Dynasty to the recommendation of the book to society.