关于独生子女合群性的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE AFFILIATION OF THE ONCY CHILD

目的与问题 随着计划生育工作的深入:独生子女已成为我国一种越来越普遍的社会现象。长期以来,不少人一提起独生子女总离不开“孤僻”、“不合群”等形容词,因而担心提倡“只生一个”会造成畸形的一代,变态人格的一代。苏联著名教育家马卡连柯就是从这种观点出发而极力反对独生子女家庭的。马卡连柯认为,独生子女没有兄弟姊妹,因而也就没有相互体贴照顾的经历,没有相爱互助,相互模仿,共同努力和共同享受的经历,这不利于儿童发展集体主义意识,而会导致儿童个人主义的蔓延。

Based on a survey in 14 kindergartens and 14 primary schools in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, this study made a comparision on affiliation, between 3 to 12-year-old onlies and non-onlies.The subjects were 482 onlies and paired nononlies, including 885 suburban children and 579 urban children. The methods mainly involved questionnaires, supplemented by observation, interview, case study and peer evaluation.The resurts showed that there was no significant difference in affiliation between onlies and nononlies in the urban areas, and the same was true between only-girls and non-only-girls in the suburban areas, significant difference was only found between only-boys and nononly-boys in the suburban areas (P<0.02).This study also explored the factors in fluencing the only-child’s affiliation. Analysis shows: the collective life in a kindergarten and the abundant experience of social participation are favourable to the development of the only-child’s affiliation.