科学技术促进经济发展机制的探讨

An Inquiry into the Mechanism of Economic Progress Promoted by Science and Technology

四类比例和转化链三十多年来,围绕着如何提高我国科学技术的经济效益,我们进行了反复的讨论和多次政策的调整。但迄今为止,它仍然是困扰着我国经济和科技发展的一个难题。有一种观念认为,科技成果是否能转化为经济效益,主要与基础研究、应用研究、发展和生产应用这四个部类的比例是否妥当密切相关。每当科学技术对经济发展没有起到预期的影响时,常用的办法是大幅度地改变四个部类的投入,比如减少基础研究投入比重,扩大发展和生产应用投入规模,使投资结构发生变化。然而这种转移非但没有获得应有的经济效益,相反基础研究却被置于可有可无的地位,这时恢复和加强基础研究的呼声就不断加强。

This paper makes an inquiry into the mechanism of economic progress stimulated by the results of science and technology through the chain of transformation comprising basic research (B), applied research (A), development (D) and production (P). It postulates that effectiveness of the chain of transformation depends on the increasing effective demand of economic structure for science and technology, and on the assured mechanism of coordination of the effective demand in the transmission links. The mechanisms of coordination are different in the different links of the chain of transformation. For instance, in the D and P links, it mainly manifests in that the management level is capable of reflecting sufficient information on the effective demand, and that the chain of demand is well matched with the flow of resources. In the D and A links, it manifests itself in the mechanism of selection and the expansion of seed pool and the tide of integration of basic research and applied research.The paper also discusses the possibility of designing a structure in conformity with the conditions in China on the basis of the functions of the coordination mechanism. It is pointed out that so far China has only established coordination structure at the national level, and more extensive lower-level complete structures of coordination remain to be established.