我国山地气温直减率的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE LAPSE RATE OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE OVER MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF CHINA

本文论述了山区气温直减率的若干影响因子。比较了山地气温直减率与自由大气气温直减率间的差异及联系。并计算了全国山区及自由大气中的气温直减率。文中还对山区气温直减率的年变化进行了分型和区划。最后,绘制出山区气温直减率的全国分布图,分析出气温直减率分布的定性规律。

A number of meteorological factors influencing surface air temperature lapse rate over mountainous regions are discussed. Calculations are made concerning the lapse rate both over the areas and in the free atmosphere and the comparison of the differences and the relations between them. In addition, the types of annual variations of the lapse rate and their distribution are presented. In China, they can be roughly divided into six types (summer peak, winter peak, double peaks in spring and autumn, spring peak, autumn peak, and, no marked annual variation). Of these six types, the summer peak type, which is related closely basic feature of the monsoon climate, is the most widely distributed, extending over most of the mountainous regions of China except for a few plateau areas. Finaly, the general distributions over China of the rate under study are graphically shown and analysed qualitatively. From these analyses, it is found, the decrease of surface air temperature along the mountain slopes is greater in winter than in summer, over plateau regions than over hills, in lower latitudes than in higher latitudes, over dry regions than over the interior and on the lee side than on the windward side of the mountains.