福建古田站水面蒸发计算方法的探讨

DISCUSSION OF THE CALCULATION METHOD OF WATER SURFACE EVAPORATION AT GUTIAN STATION FUJIAN PROVINCE

本文以器测法和经验公式法,从物理成因和公式的确定,探讨了古田站用蒸发器测量的水面蒸发量,换算为自然水体蒸发量,及以水文气象因子的资料,计算水面蒸发量。 在器测法中,以折算系数和统计相关两种不同方法,探讨折算系数的确定、时空变化规律、及其影响因素,分升、降温期,用数学函数建立蒸发池、器蒸发量间的关系公式。 在经验公式法中,探讨水面蒸发与湿度梯度、温度梯度和风速的关系,并建立其与水文气象因子的关系公式。 本文可供研究确定水面蒸发量参考。在同一个气候区内,以各已知要素资料,用其相应公式,计算水面蒸发量,可以得到满意的成果。

Based on both pan-measured method and experience formula method, the conversion of water surface evaporation measured by pans at the Gutian station into evaporation from natural water body was explored in this paper from physical causes to the determination of formula. Water surface evaporation was also calculated by using the data of hydrometeorological factors.The determination of conversion coefficients and the laws of timespace variation as well as their effect factors were studied separately from the view points of both conversion coefficient and statistic correlation in the panmea-sured method. Dividing them into rising and falling temperature periods, the correlation formula between the evaporation of both ponds and pans was found out by mathematical function.The correlation between water surface evoporation and humidity grade, temperature grade as well as wind velocity was also explored in the experience formula method and then the correlation formula between water surface evaporation and hydrometeorological factors was developed.This paper can be used as references for studying the determination of water surface evaporation in the same climatie regions, the water surface evaporation can be calculated by means of the known data of various factors and the corresponding formulae, and the results might be satisfactory.