儿童对客体运动速度的认知发展——5—11岁儿童比较匀速直线运动光点速度的实验

THE DEVELOPIENT OF CHILDREN'S COGNITION OF VELOCITY OF TWO MOVING LIGHT-SPOTS

本研究的目的是继续探讨不同年龄儿童对运动速度认知发展的水平和特点。被试为5—11岁儿童共205人,每组28—30人。采用个别实验。主试改用仪器显示在三种不同条件下的两个光点的等速匀速运动。令儿童比较它们的运动速度。每做完一个项目后不管儿童回答是否正确都要求他们说明理由。 实验结果表明:1)本实验条件下儿童对光点运动速度的认知同对玩具小汽车速度的认知有大体相同的发展趋势和年龄阶段的特点。2)本实验中儿童对光点速度的认知在以下几方面有别于对玩具小汽车运动速度的认知:a.从8岁起儿童依据两个光点之间的距离判断速度的人次随年龄增加。b.当儿童不能整合时、空因素时,空间因素的优势作用有减弱的趋势。3)较大儿童能采取各种策略主动解决问题。

The purpose of this study is to explore further the levels and characteris-tics of the development of children’s cognition of velocity.The subjects were205 children from five to eleven years old divided into seven age groups,with28 or 30 in each.Individual test was adopted. Two light-spots moving simultaneously and uniformly at the same speedunder three experimental conditions were presented by an experimentalinstrument.The subjects were asked to make comparison of the velocities ofthe two moving light-spots.After each trial the child was asked to give thereason of his answer no matter whether it was correct or not. The results of this research indicate: 1. The tendency and characteristics of the development of children’scognition of velocity of two moving light-spots in this experiment is the sameas that of moving toy cars. 2. The differences between the present and the former experiment areas follows: a) Person-times that judged velocities according to the distance betweentwo light-spots increase with age from eight on. b) The superiority of spacial effects decreases in the case that childrencouldn’t integrate spacial and temporal factors. 3. Some eider children actively finish the task successfully by useingvarious strateges.