1.5-2.5岁儿童对实物、照片和画片的概括——灵长目初级抽象概括能力的比较实验研究(Ⅲ)

GENERALIZATION OF OBJECTS,PHOTOGRAPHS AND PICTURES IN 1.5—2.5 YR.OLD CHILDREN A COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PRELIMATES(Ⅲ)

为了同实验Ⅰ在金丝猴身上所做关于对实物、照片和画片的概括的结果进行对照,用10名1岁7个月至2岁6个月的儿童进行了对比实验研究。方法和实验Ⅰ大致相仿。实验开始时对儿童进行简单言语指导。全部被试都迅速对基础辨别刺激形成巩固的辨别反应,这可能是由于儿童的言语发展起了中介作用。在随后的测查实验中,随着儿童年龄的增长,能够把反应从实物迁移到代表实物的平面图片上的人数有所增加。这似乎和儿童的言语发展相平行。

In order to make comparisons between the results obtained from goldenhaired monkeys on the generalization of objects, photographs and pictures.,with that of children, another experiment was performed on 10 yr. 7 monthto 2 yr. 6 month old children. The method was similar to that ofexperiment I. At the beginning of the experiment, each child was given avery simple verbal instruction. ALL Ss’ stable discrimination to the basicdiscriminative stimuli were established rapidly, this was probably due to themediation of children’s language development. In the subsequent tests it wasshown that the ability of transfer of the discrimination from solid objects totwo dimensional pictures of children seemed to improve with age. This wasparallel with the development of children’s language.