八至十五岁儿童交集概念和解交集数学题能力的发展研究——儿童认知结构发展变化的研究之一

A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF 8-15-YR OLDS'CONCEPT OF INTERSECTION SET AND THEIR ABILITY IN RESOLVING INTERSECTION PROBLEM——STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S COGNITIVE STRUCTURE(Ⅰ)

本文探讨了8—15岁儿童掌握交集概念的发展水平及解答交集应用题的过程,分析了儿童认知过程中各认知成分的交互作用。 实验结果表明:小学儿童已具有掌握简单交集概念的心理基础;对交集的认知包括概念、表象、感知操作等成分的交互作用,其中表象、感知操作成分具有重要意义;儿童解交集课题是一种主动积极的认知活动,他们主动思考,采取策略,通过实物和图片的帮助而上升到概念水平上的理解。

The purpose of this study is to explore the developmental levels of 8-15-year-old children’s concept of intersection set and the process of their resolving inter-section problems,analysing the interaction of various components in children’scognition.151 subjects were tested with three intersection problems in differentdegrees of difficulty,presented through words,pictures and physical objects. As the results suggested:Primary school pupils had the mental factorsfor mastering simple intersection sets.In the cognition of intersection by 8-15-year-old children there exists interaction of concepts,images and sensori-motor manipulations,and the latter two play an important role in it.Theprocess of resolving intersection problems is an active one:the subjects ponderactively,make strategy,and form related concepts by the help of picturesand manual manipulations.