儿童对几种时间词句的理解

CHILDREN’S COMPREHENSION OF SEVERAL KINDS OF TEMPORAL WORDS IN SENTENCES

现实中任何事情总是在一定的时、空条件下发生的,所以语言学家概括出简单陈述句的基本模式为:时间坐标+空间坐标+核心句。但时间不同于空间,它是看不见摸不着的,因此儿童在语言中使用时间词汇比空间词汇少而且迟,我们从调查中(注)发现。

The experimental study shows 1. Children’s comprehension of temporal words in sentences undergo along developmental stage. This fact shows that the development of semanticsis a slow process. 2. Children’s cemprehension of temporal words presented in this exp-eriment always develops in a steady sequences; this has been proved both bylongitudinal and cross-sectional studies. However, there are obvious individualdifferences in the speed of each child’s development. a) Both the levels and stages of comprehension of temporal wordsexpressing the order of activities vary with the nature of the temporal wordspresented, the order of the words in the sentence, the structure of the sentence,and the number of the objects to be acted upon. b) In comprehending the words about temporal units(or periods),childrenfirst understand "today", "yesterday", "tomorrow", then gradually learnsmaller units (or periods) such as "morning", "afternoon", "evening", "at xin the morning", "at x in the afternoon", "at x in the evening", or bigger onessuch as "this year", "last year", "next year". c) In comprehending tenses, children start with present tense, then extendto past and future tenses, that is, progressive tense first, perfect tense next,and future tense last.