50—90岁成人的短时记忆研究

A STUDY ON THE SHORT-TERM MBMORY OF 50—90 YEAR OLDS

本工作研究了102例50—90岁成人的短时记忆,其中85例进行了较详细的体格检查。以22例20—25岁青年的记忆检查作为对照,结果看到: 1.在图片自由回忆、逻辑故事识记、数字广度识记三个项目上,记忆都有随年龄增长而逐步减退的明显趋势; 2.识记逻辑故事时,对中心意义的记忆减退较分节记忆减退缓慢,顺背数字的记忆广度随年龄增长而减小较其他项目都要缓慢,表明老年记忆减退有其特点; 3.神经系统和心血管系统的病理性或老年性变化与记忆减退有关。

In this work the short-term memory of 102 subjects 50-90 years of agewas studied, in 85 ones of whom physical health-conditions were thoroughly.examined. A contol group of 22 people of 22-25 years old also took thememory-tests. The results were as follows: 1) The efficiency of memory decreases with the increase of age in thefree recall of pictures, the reproduction of logical stories, and the digit-span. 2) In the reproduction of logical stories, the memory of the central ideaof stories degenerates slower than that of the pieces of stories. Thedegeneration in performance of digit-foreward is slower than that in all othermemory functions save the memory of central idea of stories. These suggestthe characteristic of memory degeneration of aging. 3) The pathological or aging changes in nervous system and cardio-vascular system are related to the deterioration in memory.