摘要
部分与整体的关系是逻辑关系。儿童对部分与整体关系的认知标志着逻辑思维的发展。 类和数的包含同是部分与整体的关系。它们的区别在于总类与其子类之间的关系是从属的关系,其所包含的元素是依据共同属性结合起来的;数的各元素可以说都处于同等地位,总数比它的部分含有更多的元素。
A study was made among kindergarden children of 4-7 years in Beijing.Each child was asked to do some tasks on class inclusion and number inclusion.The results show that: 1. In general, the successful performance rises with increasing age for thethree different tasks. 2. Variations are shown in different age groups. In class inclusion, thegreatest development is shown in the age group 5, 5-6, while in number inclusionit is around tbe age of 4-5. 3. Children’s responses shown in the course of experiment can be classifiedas of three different levels. At the first level, children can not see the relationbetween part and whole. During the second level, they make increasing correctresponses through representation. At the third level, they perform the tasknearly without mistake, showing full comprehension and some understanding oflogical relationship.
出处
《心理学报》
1980年第1期37-45,共9页
Acta Psychologica Sinica