智力落后的实验研究及普查结果的分析

A CLINICAI STUDY OF MENTAL RETARDATION AND A SURVEY OF ITS INCIDENCE RATE

智力落后,就其本身来说,不是一种综合症,而是许多不同病因导致中枢神经系统受到损伤,表现为大脑功能发生障碍的一种症状。它发生于发育阶段,是以智力低下和社会顺应不良为特征的。 智力落后的患病率在全世界范围都很高,虽然由于社会要求的标准及年龄取样不同而不完全一致。智力落后是当今社会面临的最重要的社会和医学问题之一。

Two aspects in the research of mental retardation are discussed in thispaper. In one aspect, a rating scale has been developed for diagnosing theintelligent behavior of 150 mentally retarded persons who pay visits to twoclinics monthly to see if any progress has been made after taking a certainkind of medicine. In another aspect,a survey has been made in four districtsin Peking with the aim of finding out the incidence rate of mental retardationand to analyze the factors which might be its causes. The rating scale assesses the benavior in five different areas, namely,the gross motor behavior, fine movement, skills in self care, language deve-lopment and number concepts, each of which is rated in six grades, and theprogress made by the mentally retarded is designated in three levels. Such arating scale has been proved to be effective, neverthless there are many shor-tcomings which should be overcome through further practice. The mean incidence rate of mental retardation in these four districtsin Peking is 3.4‰ of the population. This poses a problem Just as seriousas that in other countries. Suggestions on remedy work of such a problemhas been outlined briefly.