促进发明创造的尝試經驗

SOME EXPERIENCES IN ATTEMPT AT PROMOTION OF INVENTION AND CREATION

中国科学院心理研究所和一机部机械制造与工艺科学研究院的同志和上海华通开关厂合作,在該厂采用发动羣众大搞发明創造的办法,在两个車間利用业余时間,苦干两夜,創造了92付自动半自动冲模,专业車間也在业余时間突击出48付自动模子。

The present paper gives an account of a joint study undertaken by the Division of Industrial Psychology of Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica and Hua Tung Switch Factory of Shanghai. It represents some preliminary experiences in applying psychological principles to developing the creative thinking on the part of workers to realize invention and creation.Having undergone series of hardworks and bitter fights, the workers of Hua Tung Switch Factory, using a technique of concentrated attacks on a problem, achieved in creating 140 sets of automatic and semi-automatic dies. As a result, the efficiency of work production has been greatly increased.From the viewpoint of psychology, three works must be done in order to promote invention and creation: (1) the analysis of contradictions and the formulation of problems, (2) the use of a "prototype" to stimulatethe solution of contradictions, and (3) the advantageous exploration of the chain-reactive nature of creation and invention. In this paper, actions against obstacles to invention and creation are also proposed. They are (1) the removal of "superstition" and inferiority feelings, (2) the study on selection of suitable "prototype" and on breaking from it i.e. to remove the confining function of the "prototype", (3) the emancipation from the confining framework of the knowledge of the engaged profession, and (4) the break-up of old work methods and habits.The experiences obtained from Hua Tung Switch Factory also confirm the following three points: An inventive and creative work can be effected (1) by Collective efforts,; (2) by conceived plans and (3) by concentrated attacks.