轉爐炼鋼工火熖視觉判断的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE VISUAL JUDGMENT OF FLAMES BY THE STEEL WORKERS OPERATING THE CONVERTERS

一、轉炉炼鋼工培訓中存在的問題 生产劳动是劳动者利用劳动工具对劳动对象进行操作改变劳动对象生产成品。生产技术就包括劳动对象和劳动工具情况的掌握以及相应的操作活动。在有些生产领域或工种,如飞机、汽車駕駛,工具情况的掌握和相应的操作是生产技术的主要部分。在另一些生产领域或工种,劳动对象情况的掌握和相应的操作組成生产技术的关鍵部分,轉炉炼鋼就属于这类的生产領域。

This is a report on preliminary study in the training of steel workers to judge the flames of converters. During the work of operating the converters, the workers can only depend on the conditions of flames at the openning of the converter for the judgment of the physico-chemical process going on inside the furnace. Becatise of the extremely strong intensity and great changeability of flames and the background unfavorable for the clear contrast of perceptual objects, and also because Of the difficulty in synthetically responding to a compound stimulus, it is rather hard for the workers to master the technique of judging the flames. In order to overcome such difficulties, the investigators first summarized the experience of workers. In the course of training, the following methods were used: 1) to single out the visual objects and establish connections among visual signals, 2) to master gradually the differentiation of fine details, 3) to make use of the localization of flames in time and space, 4) to apply the method of visual and verbal reinforcements. The effect of seven-teen days’ tralningby the new method exceeded the several months’ learning in the past.