主客体向不同角度倾斜时的图形再認

THE EFFECT OF BODY-OBJECT TILT ON VISUAL PATTERN RECOGNITION

問題 自威纳尔与瓦普纳(H. Werner,& S. Wapner)提出所谓“感觉-紧张”的知觉理论后,关于身体处于不同倾斜状态下对知觉影响的问题,近年来引起不少学者们的注意。鲁利亚(S. M. Luria)比较了身体倾斜状态下视锐的变化,认为身体在不正常的姿势条件下视锐受到影响。长塚研究了身体倾斜状态下的似动知觉。

Fitts-type patterns, random and mirrored, were employed in a recognition task. S seated in an upright position, and was shown a test figure with its base in the horizontal orientation (0°) for 1.5 sec., after a delay his postural position was changed, and was shown a set of eight figures of the same general kind, and was required to identify out of these eight the one he had previously seen.The angular relations of S and the eight figures were as follows: Under conditions 1, 2 and 3, S seated in an upright position, the figures tilted 0°, 90°, 180° to the left respectively; under condition 4, both S and figures tilted 90° to the left; under conditions 5, 6 and 7, S tilted 90° to the left, the figures tilted 0°, 180°, 270° to the left correspondingly; under condition 8, both S and figures tilted 180° to the left; under conditions 9 and 10, S was turned upside down, the figures tilted 90°, 0° to the left; under condition 11, the positions of S, the test figure and the eight figures all tilted to the same angle (90°).The results indicated that: Under conditions 1, 4, 8 and 11, the figures were identified more rapidly than under other conditions. The findings of these experiments once again contradicted with the predictions of the sensory-tonic field theory. A comparison of the two types of figures suggested that the mirror-image figures were recognized much more rapidly than the random figures.