关于儿童智力活动的某些个性特点的实驗研究

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOME PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN'S INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITIES

問題从日常观察中,人們常常可以看出不同的儿童在智力活动上不仅表現水平高低的差异,而且还表現个性特点的差异。智力活动中的个性特点差异既可表現在智力活动水平高的儿童之間,也可以表現在智力活动水平低的儿童之間。关于这方面的差异研究得比較多的,是由两种信号系統活动的相对优势所产生的差异以及由高級神經活动类型特点(強度、平衡性、灵活性)所产生的差异。我們这个研究也是考察儿童智力活动上的某些个性特点差异的,但暫时不企图探討这些差异的生理基础,而只是就心理現象上作一些分析、比較。

The stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" of 10 second grade children (selected from the same class, five distinctly more intelligent and five distinctly less intelligent) were investigated with experiment, group test and interview. The results show:1. In more intelligent Children, the stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" are mostly of a higher degree, and in children with lower intellectual level, the stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" are mostly of a lower degree. This shows that the stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" are important factors to intellectual activities.2. After comparing individual subjects, it was found that in some individual cases, the level of intellectual activities and the degree of stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" are not always in accordance. This shows that although stability and flexibility of "task consciousness" are considered as important factors to intellectual activities, but the former and the latter are different in nature.3. As to the relation of the two traits, stability and flexibility, they are neither exclusive of one another nor perfectly related to each other. This shows that they are two mutually characteristics, but not two extremities of a single characteristic.