小学儿童形象与語詞記忆特点的初步实驗研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMORY FOR PICTORIAL AND VERBAL MATERIALS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

目的根据馬克思列宁主义反映论的观点,記忆过程和其他心理过程一样,是客观現实在人脑中的反映。客观現实的对象和現象对人的作用,不外是形象的与語詞的两种主要形式,因此,形象的东西利語詞的材料,就构成了記忆过程和其他心理过程反映的主要內容。形象的、語詞的材料,不仅是人的記忆的主要內容,而且从个体記忆的发展来看。

The subjects of this experiment consisted of primary school children from the 1st, 3rd and 5th grades, aged 7—8, 9—10 and 11—12 years respectively, with 45 children in each grade. The children’s memory for pictorial and verbal materials showed the following characteristics:1. For both pictorial and verbal materials, the quantity and accuracy of retention improve with the age levels.2. With all class levels, memory for pictorial materials is always superior to that for verbal materials. The lower the class level, the more striking is this difference.3. Scores for memorizing concrete verbal materials are higher than that for memorizing abstract verbal materials, this difference decreasing with the advancing class levels.4. Only a small portion of the 1st grade pupils can make use of "attempt to recall" as a method for memorization, while some children of the 3rd grade use associations and classifications as methods for memorization. Children of the 5th grade are capable of consciously employing all the above-mentioned methods in memorizing the test materials.