身体倾斜与倒置时的距离知觉

DISTANCE PERCEPTION DURING POSTURAL CHANGES

问題 19世紀末,奥伯特(H. Aubert)发現在暗室中观察者的头向一侧傾斜时,将一根綫条調整成为垂直,会出現一定的誤差(Aubert現象)。繆勒(G. E. Müller)后来发現,在头傾斜的时候,原来垂直的綫条看来向相反的方向傾斜(E-現象)。此后,蔡馬克(A. Tschermak)、舒伯特(G. Schubert)进一步观察到,整个身体傾斜时,也会出現垂直判断的誤差。

S sits on a tilting chair which can be turned laterally from normal position (0°) to an upside-down position (180°) and makes distance judgments for lengths of 40, 80, and 120 metres on two ground tracks arranged in a V shape, with a standard stimulus on one track and a comparison, presented successively, on the other. Distance judgment is most accurate when S sits in the normal position; errors increase as body posture deviates from normal. A strong tendency is shown in the tilted postures to underestimate distance and this is maximum in the upside-down posture. This experiment suggests that normal body posture acts as a basis for reference in the perception of the outer world.