《左传》中的病理心理学思想

SOME PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL THOUGHTS IN THE BOOK OF TSO CHUEN

先秦古书中合有丰富的病理心理学思想資料。欲明先秦病理心理学思想的全部面貌,須将散見于这些古书以及甲骨卜辞、銅器銘文等的有关資料,作全面的、精审的探討。《左传》中的病理心理学思想自不及《內經》,甚或不及某些子书丰富。本文只就《左传》中的若干有关內容进行初步探討。《国語》是《左传》的姊妹作品,遇有可以互相参考之处。

The Book of Tso Chuen, a great work on the ancient history of China, was compiled over 2,000 years ago and serves as one of the most important source books for studying ancient Chinese literature and philosophical thoughts. The present article discusses: 1) the emphasis on psychological factors by the ancient Chinese in studying the mechanism of somatic and mental diseases. The psychological factors were always considered together with other causes, such as one’s living habits, environmental and physical conditions. It was believed that one’s daily life should be kept in equilibrium with the "six natural influences". Lack of such equilibrium caused the "six diseases", including diseases of the mind and delusions; 2) the importance of harmony of behavior as seen by the ancients in discussing the principle for maintaining good health; 3) the theories of emotion, its arousers and classifications. In their analysis of several cases of emotional disorders, the ancients held that mental activities sometimes are indicators of bodily states, and that mental conflict and psychic over-strain often induced or aggravated bodily illness; 4) the classification of the mentally and physically handicapped in the Book of Kuo Yu, parallel work of Tso Chuen. They were divided into 8 classes and were called "eight diseases". The job suitable for each type of sufferers were also suggested