兒童第一和第二信号系統的相互动力傳遞的实驗研究

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF THE FIRST AND SECOND SIGNAL SYSTEMS

巴甫洛夫关于两种信号系統的学說指出,我們关于周围环境的感觉和表象乃是現实的第一信号系統,而詞则构成現实的第二信号系統;第二信号系統是在第一信号系統的基础上形成起来的,它們二者是密切联系着、相互作用着的。由于巴甫洛夫的这一偉大学說的啟示,在高級神經活动生理学和心理学这两个領域里已展开了和展开着一系列关于两种信号系統相互作用的实驗研究。

The aim of this study was to investigate how temporary connection is transmitted from the first signal system to the second signal system and vice versa. 147 school children, aged 8-10, were used as subjects. The experiment was conducted by the method of verbal reinforcement which was devised by Prof. A. G. IvanovSmolensky and standardized by the present writers. The pressing movement of the subject upon the responding apparatus was used as the indicator of the occurence of the phenomenon called selective generalization.The experiment was divided into 3 parts (experiments with single stimulus, differential stimuli and complex stimuli), each of which was subdivided into 2 sections. In the first section, 24 subjects were engaged in the experiment of dynamic transmission from the first to the second signal system, and subsequently in the experiment of transmission from the second to the first signal system. Conversely, in the second section, another 24 subjects started with the experiment of transmission from the second to the first signal system and ended with the experiment of transmission from the first to the second signal system.It was fouud that in the first sections of all parts of the experiment, the percentage of cases in which the phenomenon of "selective generalization" occurred ranged from 75. 0% to 88. 9% and that in all the second sections, the percentage ranged from 66. 7% to 83. 3%. Further analysis of the verbal reports of the subjects after the experiments indicated that in the process of experimentation the subjects, including those in whom "selective generalization" failed to occur, formulated a certain "principle of responding" (i. e. verbal system) which regulated their mode of response to a given experimental situation.The writers are in favor of the theoretical viewpoint of Prof. A. R. Luria in explaining the phenomena of dynamic transmission of temporary connections from the first to the second signal system and vice versa.