从微观史学视角来看历史的全局性——以《马丁·盖尔归来》和《蒙塔尤:1294——1324年奥克西坦尼的一个山村》为例

To See the Global View of History from Micro Historical Perspective——Taking the Return of Martin Guerreand Montaillou,Occitan Village from 1294 to 1324 for Example

随着经济和全球化的发展,人们研究历史喜欢以布罗代尔式的"长时段"的方法来研究历史,这种以宏观的角度研究历史往往忽略了小人物、小事件、小山村等等,而这些需要我们用微观视角来看待,将它们聚焦在历史的显微镜下,通过分析研究,了解它们是如何发展变化的。文中就以具体的微观史著作进行研究分析,不管是碌碌无为的小人物——马丁·盖尔,还是偏远的不为人知的小山村——蒙塔尤,都能反映它们那个时代的生活方式和价值理想,以此了解它们背后所折射出来的历史意义,从而窥探历史的全貌。

With the development of economy and globalization, people like to study history with the 'long—period theory' method of Fernand Braudel type. This kind of research method of history with the angle of macroscopic tends to overlook a worm, small incidents, small mountain villages and so on, and we need to treat these things form microscopic perspective, they will be focused on the history's microscope, we study them and know about how did they change. In this paper, I use specific micro history works to research and analysis, whether shiftless little guy Martin Guerre or remote unknown village—Montaillou, can reflect their way of life and value ideal of that era, so that I can understand historical significance behind them reflected and see the whole picture of the history.