中国历史上第一次南北对立与郭璞的《江赋》

The First North- South Confrontation in Chinese History and Guo Pu's Poems on the Yangtze River

两晋之交中国历史上第一次南北对立的特定背景,使本来属于自然地理范畴的长江,不但一跃成为关系到东晋王朝前途和命运的生命线,而且成为现实性很强的文学题材,寄托着包括作者在内的"过江诸人"的诸多情志和愿望。《江赋》塑造的长江艺术想像,不但真实生动,具有鲜明的时代特征,而且以富于阳刚之美的浩瀚、雄奇和壮阔特征充分展示了长江独特的精神气质和强大的内在生命力。在胡马临江、社稷倾危、朝纲不振、士臣悲观失望、民族生死存亡命悬一线的"最危险的时候",作者满怀激情地讴歌长江、赞美长江,并在此基础上抒写对东晋君臣践行他思想主张的殷切希望,无疑对振奋民族精神、增强民族凝聚力、和衷共济、渡江北伐、洗刷民族耻辱具有重要意义。这些思想主张虽然未能完全达到艺术上的有机统一,但在政治上却实实在在地点到了东晋王朝虚弱病体的穴位。

During the period of Western Jin and Eastern Jin Dynasties,the first North- South confrontation in Chinese history appeared,and at the specific historical period,the Yangtze River,the lifeline of Eastern Jin Dynasty,became the source of literary creation of poets. Guo Pu's Poems on the Yangtze River was a typical example,which not only vividly molded the artistic image of the Yangtze River,but also was characterized with uniquely spiritual temperament of the times. On the brink of the downfall of Eastern Jin Dynasty,Guo Pu's Poems on the Yangtze River eulogized and appreciated the Yangtze River,and expressed his political ideas and ambition as well. Guo Pu's poems were inevitably significant to strengthen national solidarity and revitalize the national spirit of Eastern Jin Dynasty.