细胞色素P450 2B4的结构及其催化反应

The Structure and Catalytic Reaction of Cytochrome P450 2B4

细胞色素P450是广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中的含亚铁血红素单加氧酶,参与致癌作用和药物代谢、类固醇激素合成、脂溶性维生素代谢、多不饱和脂肪酸转换为生物活性分子等生理过程。P450能够催化完成伯、仲碳氢键羟基化、烯烃和芳烃环氧化、碳碳键耦合和断裂、α羟基化(去烷基化和杂原子氧化)、还原、1,2-迁移(卤素、氢和苯)等有机反应。本文综述了P450 2B4的结构与功能,讨论了细胞色素P450 2B4的活性中心和底物识别位点、与底物反应和产物释放的机理,以及P450在有机合成中的应用。

P450 enzymes are ubiquitous heme-containing monooxygenases involved in a number of vital processes including carcinogenesis and drug metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and fat-soluble vitamin metabolism and the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to biologically active molecules. P450 enzymes catalyze hydroxylation of 1,2C-hydroxylation,alkene and aromatic epoxidation,C-C formation and cleavage,α-hydroxylation(including dealkylation,heteroatom oxygenation),reduction,1,2-migration(including H,X,Ar). The structure and function of cytochrome P450 2B4 are summarized. The active site,substrate recognition sites,large motions to identify and bind substrates,reaction with the substrate,release of the product and synthetic application of the P450s are discussed.