以污水综合排放为例的国家和地方强制性标准对比实证研究

Empirical Study on Comparison of National and Provincial Mandatory Standards Based on Integrated Wastewater Discharge

针对实践中强制性地方标准逐渐突破标准化法规定的"没有上位标准"的制定前提并出现国家和地方强制性标准并存的情况,本文以污水综合排放为研究对象,通过对强制性国家标准和强制性地方标准在分级分类和污染排放限值等关键内容的深入对比,验证了强制性地方标准在兼顾地方差异的同时对保护环境发挥了确实而重要的作用,由此在实证上为重新审视强制性地方标准的制定前提、厘清强制性地方标准与强制性国家标准的关系等提供了直接参考,也在当前标准化法修改工作深入推进的形势下,为强制性地方标准的制度设计、改革路径、体制创新等提供了实践操作上的依据。

In light of on the fact that provincial mandatory standards breaks through the precondition specified by the Standardization Law for the lack of 'upper-level standards', and the situation of coexistence of national standards and provincial standards, this paper puts forward taking integrated wastewater discharge as research object to make comprehensive comparison between mandatory national standards and provincial standards on grading systems and pollutants emitting limits, which proves the positive effects of mandatory provincial standards in environment protection based on location difference. The study provides direct reference for the re-examining on development preconditions of mandatory provincial standards, and the recognition of the relationship between mandatory national standards and provincial standards. It also helps making the practical reference for system making, reform path, and mechanism innovation of mandatory provincial standards under the trend of deepening the revision work of standardization law.