论柯尔施、卢卡奇、葛兰西对理论与实践统一性的探索

Korsch,Lukacs and Gramsci's Explorations on Unity of Theory and Practice

第二国际理论家割裂了理论与实践的关系。作为早期西方马克思主义的创始人,柯尔施、卢卡奇和葛兰西分别对这一问题进行了深入思考。柯尔施把实践和理论视为一个整体,同时把两者统一于现实的概念;卢卡奇认为实践是联系主体和客体的中介,即理论通过实践改变现实;葛兰西把实践分为先进的和落后的两个层级,认为先进的实践带来理论的创新,而创新的理论指导落后的实践,从而把实践和理论具体地统一起来。这些思想给人们研究马克思主义大众化等问题带来许多值得认真思考的启示。

The Second International dissevered the relationship between theory and practice.As the ear-ly founders of western Marxism,Korsch,Lukacs and Gramsci thought about this issue deeply in their own ways.Korsch saw theory and practice as a whole and insisted that the two were united in reality.Lukacs ar-gued that practice was the intermediary of subj ect and obj ect and that theory could change the world through practice.Gramsci divided practice into two levels of advancement and backwardness.He believed that the advanced practice could bring the innovation of theory,and the innovative theory can guide the backward practice.On this basis,Gramsci unified the practice and theory concretely.These thoughts bring a lot of inspiration for the study of the popularization of Marxism.