从坦赞铁路与大北公路之争看中美对非援助政策差异

Differences in Aid Policy between China and the USA to Africa from the Battle of Tanzania-Zambia Railway and Great North Road

坦赞铁路是知名度颇高的冷战时期中国对非大型援助项目,援建期间美国曾提出修筑路线与之平行的大北公路企图取而代之,但最终归于失败。坦赞铁路与大北公路之争折射出中美对非援助政策的显著差异。美国受经济成长阶段理论影响,援助是为了阻止红色中国"渗入"非洲,维护美国利益。而中国在社会主义理论和实践指导下,坚持不为援助附加任何条件,通过对非援建寻求政治认同,构建"同志加兄弟"的互助性国家关系,最终突破外交困境。

Tanzania-Zambia Railway is a well-known aid proj ect for Africa in the cold war.During its construction,the USA proposed building Great North Road instead of it,but the scheme failed in the end. The battle of these proj ects shows clear differences in aid policy between China and the USA to Africa.In-fluenced by economic growth theory,America wanted to prevent red China penetrating Africa and maintain American interests.However,China,with the guidance of socialist theory and practice,refused any addi-tional conditions,pursued political identification through the aid to Africa,and broke through diplomatic plight at last.