认知心理学与中东国际关系研究——以第三次和第四次中东战争为例

Studies of Cognitive Psychology and the Middle East International Relations: The Case of the Third and Fourth Middle East Wars

自20世纪50年代以来,个体及个体认知心理逐渐得到国际关系理论应有的学术关照。作为国际政治认知学派的一个代表人物,罗伯特·杰维斯发现,认知相符、诱发定势和历史包袱这三种心理机制,以及统一性知觉、夸大性认知、愿望性思维和失调性认知这四种决策者易犯的错误知觉,对国际政治具有不容忽视的影响。从认知心理学的视角宏观审视中东国际关系,特别是分析第三次和第四次中东战争,就会发现,杰维斯的研究在强调作为个人的决策者的认知作用的同时,却忽视了社会和文化对决策者个人的塑造作用。因此,在进行国际政治研究时,应将个人认知心理与身份认同结合起来。

Since the 1950s,the factors of individuality and individual cognitive psychology have attracted more attention in studies of international relations.As a major scholar of the international political cognition school, Robert Jervis identifies three mental mechanisms,namely,cognitive consistency,evoked set,and historical baggage,and four misperceptions,namely,united consciousness,exaggerated cognition,wishful thinking,and cognitive dissonance which decision-makers are prone to in their international politics studies.The paper intends to explore the Middle East international relations from the point of view of cognitive psychology thourgh an analysis of the Third and Fourth Middle East Wars.