摘要
目的:本研究分析了墨西哥塞拉地区塔拉乌马拉印第安人的脚着地模式、下肢动力学,以及足弓高度和硬度等参数。方法:用高速摄像技术研究23名受试者的运动学数据,其中13人穿传统的极简鞋(条带鞋帮拖鞋),另外10人穿带有抬高的足跟和足弓垫的现代常规跑鞋。测量这些受试者以及另外12人的脚型和足弓硬度。结果:穿极简鞋跑步的受试者脚着地方式呈现多样化:40%主要是足中部着地,30%主要是前脚掌着地,另外30%主要是后脚跟着地。相反,穿现代常规跑鞋的塔拉乌马拉人有75%主要使用后脚跟着地,另外25%则主要使用足中部着地。与用后脚跟着地的跑步者相比,用前脚掌或足中部着地的跑步者的踝关节跖屈、膝关节屈、髋关节屈更明显。足部测量显示,塔拉乌马拉人中穿现代常规跑鞋的人的足弓硬度也明显低于穿极简鞋的人。结论:本研究所得数据印证了之前研究中关于穿极简鞋跑步者脚着地方式的变化,而且也支持了穿极简鞋与常规跑鞋的跑步者在足部硬度、跑步姿势以及脚着地方式等方面具有差异的假设。
Purpose:This study examined variation in foot strike types,lower extremity kinematics,and arch height and stiffness among Tarahumara Indians from the Sierra Tarahumara.Mexico.Methods:High speed video was used to study the kinematics of 23 individuals.13 who habitually wear traditional minimal running sandals(huaraches).and 10 who habitually wear modern,conventional running shoes with elevated,cushioned heels and arch support.Measurements of foot shape and arch stiffness were taken on these individuals plus an additional sample of 12 individuals.Results:Minimally shod Tarahumara exhibit much variation with 40%primarily using midfoot strikes,30%primarily using forefoot strikes,and30%primarily using rearfoot strikes.In contrast,75%of the conventionally shod Tarahumara primarily used rearfoot strikes,and 25%primarily used midfoot strikes.Individuals who used forefoot or midfoot strikes landed with significantly more plantarflexed ankles,flexed knees,and flexed hips than runners who used rearfoot strikes.Foot measurements indicate that conventionally shod Tarahumara also have significantly less stiff arches than those wearing minimal shoes.Conclusion:These data reinforce earlier studies that there is variation among foot strike patterns among minimally shod runners,but also support the hypothesis that foot stiffness and important aspects of running form,including foot strike,differ between runners who grow up using minimal versus modem,conventional footwear.
基金
a grant from the American School of Prehistoric Research (Harvard University)
