湖南省因工烧伤患者的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of burn workers in Hunan Province

目的:了解因工烧伤患者的流行病学特征,为因工伤烧伤预防提供依据.方法:对湖南省省直单位、各地市和行业2005年1月1日至2010年12月31日因工烧伤的4 078名患者进行调查.结果:湖南省工伤年发生率为94.84人/万人,省直单位工伤年发生率为93.71人/万人,地市和行业工伤年发生率为95.02人/万人;湖南省因工烧伤年发生率为1.90人/万人,省直单位因工烧伤年发生率为5.83人/万人,地市和行业工伤年发生率为1.32人/万人;湖南省因工烧伤人数占工伤总人数的百分比为2.00％,省直单位因工烧伤人数占工伤总人数的百分比为7.35％,地市和行业因工烧伤人数占工伤总人数的百分比为1.39％.在4078例患者中,门诊1 823例,住院2255例,男性3 498人(85.78％),女性患者580人(14.22％),男女之比为6.03:1,年龄(38.64±11.56)岁,农村户口2 927例(71.78％),烧伤中以轻、中度患者为主(64.66％),烧伤部位以头面、四肢为主(61.55％).常见烧伤原因有热力(74.1％)、化学(14.37％)及电力(10.78％);康复人数仅占烧伤患者总人数的8.51％,病死率1.42％.7～9月为烧伤高发时期(42.88％);从烧伤到入院诊治时间为3.91 h.结论:因工烧伤特别是轻、中度烧伤主要发生在青壮年,以已婚、农村、低学历男性为主,烧伤原因主要为热力、化学液体和电力,在烧伤事故中,应大力加强工伤预防工作.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of workers who are burn patients,and to provide basis for prevention and treatment of burn at work.Methods:We investigated 4 078 burn workers in 9 cities in Hunan provincial enterprises,and different trades managed by municipal government from January 1st,2005 to December 31st,2010.Results:The incidence rate of employment injury was 94.84 per 10 thousand workers each year in Hunan.That of the enterprises directly managed by Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau was 93.71 per 10 thousand workers each year,and that of the enterprises managed by Medical Insurance Bureaus of cities or districts was 95.02 per 10 thousand workers each year.The burn incidence accounted for 2.00% of the total work injury in Hunan Province(7.35% in the enterprises directly managed by Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau and 1.39% in districts and industries).There were 4 078 burn patients from the sorted units [1 823 out-patients and 2 255 in-patients;3 498 males(85.78%) and 580 females(14.22%) with age of(38.64±11.56) years].The ratio between males and females was 6.03:1.Among the 4 078 patients,2 979 were from the rural area(71.78%),with 1 100 out-patients and 1 379 in-patients.The burn was mostly mild and moderate(64.66%),and mainly occurred on the face,head,arms,and legs(61.55%).The main causes of burn were heating power(74.1%),chemical stuff(14.37%),and electric power(10.78%).The death rate was 1.42%.The burn accidents often happened between July and September.The average time from being burned to be in the hospital for treatment was 3.91 hours.Conclusion:Burn accidents,especially mild and moderate burn,occur mainly in young,married and poorly educated males from rural areas.Heating power,chemical stuff,and electric power are the key causes for burn.Work injury prevention measures should be improved in high risk enterprises.