说不可说──再论哲学何为

To Speak the Unspeakable:On the Ultimate Goal of Philosophy

关于哲学何为的问题，哲学史上有两种观点：一是认为，把握人与存在合一（或者说天人合一）的整体是哲学的最高任务；一是认为，哲学的最高任务只是认识外在的客观事物之本质。本文同意海德格尔的主张，赞成前一种观点。就作为人与存在合一的整体来说，人即在整体之内，人不能像主客二分式那样站在存在之外，通过概念以认识存在、言说存在。要把握这样的整体，人只能在概念或语言不能表达的地方——在不可说的地方，通过“无”的境界，体验存在之整体的意义。哲学就是用可说的东西烘托出不可说的东西，用逻辑的、理性的东西烘托出超逻辑的、超理性的东西。

In the history of philosophy,there have been two different views concerning the ultimategoal of philosophy. The first of these is that the highest task of philosophy is to master the or-ganic unity of man and existence(or the unity of heaven and man).The second,the ultimateobjective of philosophy is merely to grasp the essence of external objective reality. The author ofthis essay agrees with the former view advocated by Heidegger.As far as the organic unity of man and existence is concerned, man himself is in the unity,for he cannot stand outside existence as in the mode of subject-object separation to grasp andtalk about existence from mere conceptions. In order to grasp the unity,man can only experiencethe meaning of existence through realms beyond the reach of conceptional language,that is,inareas of the unspeakable and through the state of ″nothingness.″In short,philosophy is to setoff in contrast the unspeakable through the speakable,and to imply the superlogical and superra-tional through logical and rational matters.