在权力与道德之间寻求平衡——评基辛格的“多极均衡论”

SEEKING A BALANCE BETWEEN POWER AND MORALITY: ON HENRY KISSINGER'S “BALANCE OF POWER” THEORY IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA

外交是一种务实的艺术,不是宣播道义的表演。这是基辛格一贯的逻辑。应当说,基辛格博士是一位“处于智慧成熟期”的西方知识分子。同时,他又是一位入室而谋,处幄而议的政治家。作为现实主义者,他知道权力的意义和运用权力的分寸。同汉斯·摩根索一样,他也把利益定义为权力。因此,“均势”、“力量”,“权谋”成了基辛格的习惯用语。亦因此,他并不受道德主义者的喜欢。不知从何时开始,权力似乎变成了道德的对立概念:在西方,对权力的限制成为社会的基本政治原理,过多地谈论权威,便有吁请政治专制主义之虞;在东方,一方面,几千年的历史使权谋差一点变成一门艺术。

Henry Kissinger holds a consistent diplomatic philosophy of balance of power in a multipolar world. As a realistic strategist, he maintains that interest should be defined in terms of power. Hence the United States should make a strict definition of its national interest and then, basing thereon, pursue its geopolitical strategic objectives. He believes that diplomacy is a pragmatic art and that the greatest mistake in American policy since Woodrow Wilson has been taking morality for the objective of policy. However, Kissinger's diplomatic philosophy centering on geopolitical pursuit has its limitations in a world of interdependence, because whether the limited wisdom and experience in the 18th and 19th century European history is universally applicable to any period of history anywhere remains a really baffling problem.