河南郏县水泉裴李岗文化遗址

THE SHUIQUAN SITE OF THE PEILIGANG CULTURE AT JIAXIAN,HENAN

水泉寨位于郏县东北约16公里,属安良乡。村东和南面是丘陵,西为大刘山,北是禹王山和康王山。兰河的支流由北向东流过,与北面的主流汇合向南注入汝河。遗址在村东偏南,兰河南岸高台地上,距河床高约40米(图一)。据当地农民介绍,1971年修水渠时,在遗址所在的台地北部近渠首东边的地里,因大量取土曾发现不少石、陶器。1976年平整土地时,在遗址其它地方也发现一些遗物。

The Shuiquan site lies about 16 km northeast to the seat of Jiaxian County,Henan Province,upon a high terrace on the southern bank of the Lanhe River flowing through the area southeast of Shuiquan Village.Its cultural deposits belong to the Peiligang cu- lture and fall into three phases. Phase Ⅰ comprises 17 pits and a few artifacts represented by the double-eared potte- ry pot. Phase Ⅱ embraces 27 pits and 120 tombs.The tombs are arranged regularly and point to the west and east,the dead lying in an extended supine position.There are three tombs of joint burial,of which Tomb 31 contains two human skeletons piled upon each other,a peculiar phenomenon discovered for the first time in the Peiligang culture. Stone sickles,spades and querns constitute the representative implements of production. A considerable variation is detected in pottery type,especially in the shape of the dou- ble-eared pot;the ring-foot bowl and pot,trileg pot and double-eared jar make their first appearance. Phase Ⅲ includes 39 pits and 2 ruined pottery-making kilns.The pottery is widely varied in shape,which is distinctly shown by the bowl with a contracted mouth and the double-eared pot carinate at the shoulder or on the belly;among the new vessel types are the deep-bellied basin,tripod jar and hornlike-handled jar. Regarding the age of the site,two charcoal samples from pits of the late phase are radiocarbon-dated to 7270±120 BP (5320±120BC) and 7160±110 BP (5210±110BC) respectively.