宁夏彭堡于家庄墓地

THE YUJIAZHUANG CEMETERY AT PENGPU,NINGXIA

于家庄墓地在宁夏回族自治区固原县彭堡乡撒门村西北2.5公里,冬至河支流大营河的东岸,背靠清水河和冬至河之间的高塬,西临冬至河及大营河冲积而成的平川,自然环境适宜于人类居息。墓地北端发现的新石器时代晚期墓葬表明,远在原始社会,这里就有人类活动。墓地南10公里处,秦昭襄王三十五年(公元前272年)修筑的战国秦长城遗址仍历历在目(图一)。

The Yujiazhuang cemetery is situated at Pengpu Township,Guyuan County,Ning- xia Hui Autonomous Region,and was excavated in July 1987 by the Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. The work resulted in the revelation of 28 tombs which can be divided into the nor- thern,middle and southern areas,with the middle one being the main group consisting of 20 tombs.There are two types of tombs:the catacomb and the shaft earth pit.The former is larger in number;the latter comprises only six tombs.Apart from two joint burials of children,all belong to the single burial.The dead lie in an extended supine position.Funeral objects were unearthed more than 1220.The pottery is little in a- mount,only a double-eared and six single-eared jars were found in the all cemetery.The bronzes number 656,which belong to the sword,ge dagger-axe,spear,knife and other weapons,the pick,axe,chisel and other tools,and the horse and chariot trapping,orna- mental plaque,etc.Bone objects were discovered 242,including mainly horse trappings such as cheekpieces and halter ornaments.Besides,there are a small number of iron, gold,jade and stone articles. The tombs show no stratigraphic traces of superimposition and intrusion.Judging by the distinctive features and evolutionary sequences of some grave goods,these burials can be dated to the time from the late Spring and Autumn to the early Warring States period. The cemetery is discovered to have a definite relation to the Bronze Age cultural remains of the adjacent areas.It shows some similarity to the'Jiang Rong tombs'at Liujia,Fufeng,Shaanxi,in the shape of both tombs and funeral objects,which seems to imply a genetic relation between the two group of tombs.It exhibits even stronger resem- blance to the Bronze Age Ordos culture in Inner Mongolia (the so-called'Pre-Xiongnu culture') and has a certain similarity to the so-called'Shan Rong culture' around Yan- shan Mountain and to the north of the Taihang Mountains. Athnically,the cemetery might have belonged to the'Western Rong people'living in northwest China from the Xia Dynasty through the Spring-Autumn and Warring Sta- tes periods.