闽江流域先秦两汉文化的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE CULTURES OF THE PRE-QIN AND HAN PERIODS IN THE MINJIANG RIVER VALLEY

依《周礼·职方氏》、《史记·东越列传》、《汉书·地理志》等文献,以福建为中心的东南沿海地区在先秦两汉时期为"七闽"和"闽越"的活动空间。闽越族曾一度称王立国,但闽、闽越均缺乏本民族自身的文献历史。其间虽有秦废闽越王、立闽中郡,汉除闽越国、置冶县等措施,中原王朝对福建的统治一直是间接的和局部的。因此,汉文史籍对福建先秦两汉历史的零星记载也往往存在不正确或片面之处。对福建早期民族史的全面认识,主要应以考古出土资料为主。闽江流域是这一区域先秦两汉文化发展的中心地区之一,考古工作也相对集中。

The archaeological cultures of the Pre-Qin and Han periods in the Minjiang River valley can be divided into two stages,which represent the developmental process of the history of the early local people.The first stage belongs roughly to the period before the Western Zhou,ca.6000—3000BP,when the Neolithic cultural types in the lower Minjiang reaches represented by lower Keqiutou→lower,middle and upper Tanshishan→ Huangtulun developed successively and formed a continuous line.The societies shared a cultural tradition characteristic of their own,lived on productive forces relatively back- ward on the whole and possessed extremely strong aboriginality.The cultural complexes must have constituted the nucleus of the culture of the'Seven-Min people' mentioned in the Ritual of Zhou《周礼》.On the other hand,the Niubishau,Maling and Baizhuduan types in the upper Minjiang reaches are corresponding,respectively,to the middle and upper Tanshishan and Huangtulun types in the lower reaches in terms of both temporal scope and developmental stage as well as resemble the latter three respectively in cultu- ral aspect;they must have been the branch of the Seven-Min culture under strong influ- ence from outside cultures. The second stage belongs to the time of the Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties.It saw the graduate unification of cultural features in the upper and lower Minjiang valley, which resulted from the wide spread of the Wu and Yue bronze culture and its mer- gence with the indigenous Min cultural complexes.The Tieshan type of Bronze Age cul- ture in the Western Zhou and Spring-Autumn periods,the Fulingang type of Iron Age culture in the Warring States and Western Han periods and the Fenglinshan type ap- proximately in the Eastern Han period,respectively,represent the formation,development and assimilation(by the Han culture)of the Minyue culture,which was the main body of the local national culture throughout the Zhou,Qin and Han periods.It was in Six Dynasties times that the Fujian areas were thoroughly merged into the system of the Han culture.