存在主义马克思主义的“匮乏”概念

The Existential Marxist Concept of Deficiency

“匮乏”概念是存在主义马克思主义思想体系的出发点。萨特运用这一概念来把握人的存在、社会的存在和历史的发展，认为物质资料的匿乏造成了人与人关系的异化状态，人的发展和社会的总体化是一个永无终结的克服匮乏的努力。在历史唯物主义看来，匾乏并不是普遍的人的存在型式，在私有制度下，匿乏是被压迫、被剥削阶级的匮乏；人类历史的发展也不是源于匠乏，而是由劳动和实践推动着的。因此，萨特以匮乏概念为出发点去重建马克思主义是一个失败的尝试，他从匮乏概念中引发出的关于人和历史的结论也是错误的。

Abstract The concept of Deficiency is the starting point of Existential Marxist ideology.Satre made use of it to grasp the existence of man and society as well as the historical developments. He held that the deficiency of material means caused alienation, and the development of man and the totalization of society were a never-ending striving for surmounting Deficiency. In the opinion of historical materialism, deficiency is not a universal form of man's existence; in the social system of private ownership, deficiency is the very deficiency of the oppressed and exploited classes; the historical development \or human being arises not from deficiency, but from labour and practice. Therefore, Satre's reconstruction of Marxism starting from Deficiency was an attempt of failure. His conclusions about man and history from Deficiency are all incorrect.