公元3至6世纪慕容鲜卑、高句丽、朝鲜、日本马具之比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Horse Fittings of Murong Xianbei, Gaogouli, Korea and Japan

鲜卑慕容部自曹魏初迁徙至辽西大凌河流域,以龙城(今朝阳市)为基地,在中国北方地区活动200余年。富有民族特色的鲜卑马具(指慕容鲜卑,下同),作为重要的随葬品之一,近些年来在朝阳等地不断有新的发现。与鲜卑毗邻的高句丽以及朝鲜半岛三国时代和日本列岛古坟时代晚期的墓葬中也常有马具出土。由于这几个民族(或地区)的马具在时间上大体处于公元3～6世纪之间,地域接近,马具特征上存在着许多共性因素,因而引起中外学者的关注。本文在对以上各地马具进行分析比较之后,就它们之间的相互影响等问题,提出一些看法,诚请中外同仁指正。

Repeated find of horse fittings of the Murong Xianbei and Gaogouli peoples have been reported in recent years from Chaoyang and neighboring areas, a place active with the two ethnic groups during the 3rd through 6th century. A lot of features these horse fittings have in common with their contemporary Korean and Japanese counterparts have attracted attention from scholars inside and outside China. The present essay compares these horse fittings and discusses their mutual influence.